The global production and consumption of vegetable oils have sparked several discussions on sustainable development. This study analyzes over 20 million tweets related to vegetable oils to explore the key factors shaping public opinion. We found that coconut, olive, and palm oils dominate social media discourse despite their lower contribution to overall global vegetable production. The discussion about olive and palm oils remarkably correlates with Twitter’s growth, while coconut increases more significantly with bursts of activity. Discussions around coconut and olive oils primarily focus on health, beauty, and food, while palm draws attention to pressing environmental concerns. Overall, virality is related to environmental issues and negative connotations. In the context of Sustainable Development Goals, this study highlights the multifaceted nature of the vegetable oil debate and its disconnection from scientific discussions. Our research sheds light on the power of social media in shaping public perception, providing insights into sustainable development strategies.